Osama Bin Laden Family Mohammed Bin Awad Bin Laden

Osama bin Laden
March ten, 1957 - May two, 2011
Osama bin Laden from the FBI's "X Most Wanted" list
Place of birth	Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Place of death	Abbottābad, Pakistan
Battles/wars	Afghan Jihad 1998 U.S. embassy bombings 2001 World Trade Middle bombings War on Terrorism

Osama bin Laden (Arabic: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن) (March 10, 1957 - May 2, 2011) was a founder of the militant Islamist al-Qaeda movement, all-time known for masterminding the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. A member of the prominent bin Laden family of Saudi arabia, Osama used his personal wealth to fund the development of al-Qaeda and has been associated with numerous mass-casualty attacks confronting civilian targets.

Bin Laden's proper name is transliterated in several means. Most English-language mass media use Osama bin Laden. Still, virtually U.S. government agencies utilize either "Usama bin Laden" or "Usama bin Ladin," both of which are abbreviated to UBL.

Educated every bit a civil engineer, bin Laden joined the fight confronting the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in 1979. There, he met the Egyptian Islamic fundamentalist leader Ayman al-Zawahiri and expanded his focus in an attempt to rid the unabridged Center East of not-Islamic influences, beginning his career equally a terrorist in 1992 with the bombing of the Gold Mihor Hotel in Aden. Together with his al-Qaeda associates, he supported the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and carried out numerous attacks on noncombatant targets throughout the earth in the late 1990s, culminating in the infamous attacks of September 11, 2001, in the United States.

Contents

• 1 Childhood, education, and marriages
• 2 Teachings
• 3 Militant activity
  • iii.one Mujahideen in Afghanistan
  • iii.2 Sudan
  • iii.3 Early terrorist attacks
  • 3.4 Criminal charges
  • 3.5 September eleven attacks
• four Avoiding
• 5 Death
• 6 Notes
• 7 References
• 8 External links
• nine Credits

Bin Laden and his organization were major targets of the United States' State of war on Terrorism. Equally of early 2009, he was believed to exist still hiding in the border region betwixt Transitional islamic state of afghanistan and Pakistan. However, on May two, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a secured private residential chemical compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by U.S. Navy SEALs in a covert operation authorized by U.S. President Barack Obama.

Childhood, education, and marriages

Bin Laden corporation building in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Osama bin Laden was built-in in Riyadh, Saudi arabia, on March 10, 1957. His begetter, Muhammed Awad bin Laden, was a wealthy man of affairs with close ties to the Saudi royal family. One of more than 50 children, he was the only son of Muhammed bin Laden'south tenth wife, Hamida al-Attas. Osama's parents divorced presently after he was born, and his mother so married Muhammad al-Attas, who worked at the bin Laden visitor. The couple had four other children, and Osama lived in the new household with three stepbrothers and 1 stepsister.

Raised as a devout Sunni Muslim, Osama studied economics and business administration at King Abdulaziz University, where he received a caste in civil engineering. However, at university, bin Laden's principal interest seems to take been religion.

In 1974, at the age of 17, he married his offset wife, Najwa Ghanem, at Latakia (Laodicea), Turkey. Past 2002, bin Laden had married 4 women and fathered over twenty children.

Teachings

An adherent of the fundamentalist school of Salafism, bin Laden taught that Islam was perfect and complete during the days of Muhammad and his companions, but that undesirable innovations have been added over the subsequently centuries due to materialist and cultural influences. Salafism claims to seek a practice of Islam that more closely resembles the religion during the time of Muhammad. Like many Islamists, bin Laden emphasized that only the restoration of Sharia law will set up things correct in the Muslim world. He rejected all other ideologies—"pan-Arabism, socialism, communism, democracy"—must exist opposed.

Bin Laden consistently dwelt on the need for external jihad (holy war) to right what he believed were injustices confronting Muslims perpetrated by the United States and other non-Muslim states. He also chosen for the elimination of the Country of Israel and the necessity of forcing the U.South. to withdraw from the Middle East. During the 1990s, he began to teach publicly that his native Saudi arabia—the site of Islam'south holy cities of Mecca and Medina—had been corrupted by American influences and was guilty of serious crimes against Islam. He insisted that Afghanistan, nether the dominion of Mullah Omar's Taliban, was "the but Islamic country" in the world.

The most controversial part of bin Laden'due south ideology is his doctrine that civilians, including women and children, tin be killed in jihad.^[1] He also delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies: "These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery," he claims. "They will leave you zilch, either in this globe or the adjacent."^[ii] Bin Laden also opposed music on religious grounds.^[3] He called on Americans to "reject the immoral acts of fornication (and) homosexuality, intoxicants, gambling, and usury."

Bin Laden also listed Shi'a Muslims equally "heretics" and one of the chief "enemies of Islam."^[4] This is one of the reasons that he encouraged al-Qaeda to put a major attempt into undermining the new government of Republic of iraq, which emerged equally a Shia-led coalition afterwards the demise of the Sunni-dominated Saddam Hussein regime.

Militant activity

Mujahideen in Afghanistan

After leaving college in 1979, bin Laden joined militant Palestinian scholar Abdullah Azzam to fight the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and lived for a fourth dimension in Peshawar. By 1984, with Azzam, bin Laden established the Maktab al-Khadamat, known in English language as the Afghan Services Bureau, which funneled money, arms and Muslim fighters from around the Arab world into the Afghan war. Bin Laden'southward inherited family fortune and yearly income paid for travel, accommodations and administrative expenses of the Afghan fighters.

Bin Laden's acquaintance Ayman al-Zawahiri.

During this time bin Laden met his future al-Qaeda collaborator, the Egyptian militant Ayman al-Zawahiri. Osama then established an operational and preparation camp in Afghanistan, and fought against the Soviets. By 1988, at al-Zawahiri's urging, bin Laden had split from Maktab al-Khidamat and Azzam, determined to take a more than directly military role in the struggle and insisting that Arab fighters form separate units rather than being integrated into native Afghan Taliban forces.^[5]

After the defeat of the Soviets, bin Laden returned to Saudi arabia in 1990 as a hero of jihad. However, his militancy soon alienated him from the Saudi elites. When Iraq invaded Kuwait, bin Laden met Crown Prince Sultan and urged him not to cooperate with coalition forces opposed to Saddam Hussein, offering to utilize his resources to assist defend Saudi Arabia from whatsoever Iraqi assailment. When he was rebuffed, bin Laden publicly and bitterly denounced Saudi Arabia's dependence on the U.Due south. military machine, declaring that the Saudis had sinned against Islam.

Sudan

Bin Laden moved to Sudan in 1992, and established a new base of operations for operations in Khartoum. Due to his continuous verbal assaults on King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, in 1994, Fahd sent an emissary to Sudan demanding bin Laden's passport. The bin Laden family was persuaded to cut off his monthly stipend, thought to amount to $7 million a year. Past now bin Laden was strongly associated with Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), which made upward the core of al-Qaeda. In 1995, the EIJ attempted to electrocute Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. The endeavour failed, and the EIJ was expelled from Sudan.

In late 1995, Sudanese officials discussed with the Saudi government the possibility of deporting bin Laden to Saudi Arabia, just the Saudis, who had revoked his citizenship, refused. In May 1996, with Sudan under increasing pressure from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the United States, bin Laden returned to Afghanistan and forged a close relationship with Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar.

Early terrorist attacks

It is believed that the first terrorist assail involving bin Laden was the December 29, 1992 bombing of the Golden Mihor Hotel in Aden in which 2 people were killed.^[6] It was afterward this assault that al-Qaeda began to develop its justification for the killing of innocent people. According to a fatwa—issued to al-Qaeda members only not the full general public—past al Qaeda co-founder Mamdouh Mahmud Salim, the killing of someone "standing well-nigh" the enemy is justified because whatsoever innocent bystanders will find their just advantage in death, going to Paradise if they were true Muslims and going to hell if they were bad Muslims or infidels.^[7]

In the 1990s, with bin Laden's money, al-Qaeda assisted jihadists financially and militarily in Algeria, Egypt, and Afghanistan. In 1992 or 1993, bin Laden sent an emissary, Qari el-Said, with $forty,000 to Algeria to aid Islamists in that location, urging armed struggle rather than negotiation with the authorities. The advice was heeded, just the civil war that followed killed 150,000-200,000 Algerians and ended with Islamist forces surrendering to the government. Another attack funded by bin Laden was the Luxor massacre of Nov 17, 1997, in Arab republic of egypt, which killed 62 civilians. This action disgusted the Egyptian public and turned it against bin Laden and his philosophy of Islamist terror.

In mid-1997, the anti-Taliban Northern Brotherhood threatened to overrun Jalalabad, causing bin Laden to abandon his compound in Nazim Jihad and motion his operations to Tarnak Farms in the south. In 1998, Bin Laden helped cement his brotherhood with his Taliban hosts by sending several hundred of his Arab fighters to help the Taliban in an infamous assail on the city of Mazar-e-Sharif. More than 8,000 non-combatants were reported killed, many of them through systematic slaughter, in Mazar-i-Sharif and after in Bamiyan.

In the aforementioned year, bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri co-signed a fatwa in the name of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, declaring that the killing of Americans and their allies was an "individual duty for every Muslim." At the public announcement of the fatwa, bin Laden announced that Americans are "very easy targets," boasting to attending journalists that, "You will run across the results of this in a very brusk time."^[8]

Criminal charges

Aftermath of the U.S. embassy bombings in Nairobi, Republic of kenya.

On March xvi, 1998, Libya issued the first official international Interpol arrest warrant against bin Laden and three other people for killing two German citizens in Great socialist people's libyan arab jamahiriya on March 10, 1994, one of whom is thought to have been a German counter-intelligence officer. Bin Laden was first indicted by the United States on June 8, 1998, when a grand jury charged him with killing five Americans and ii Indians in the November fourteen, 1995 truck bombing of a U.Southward.-operated Saudi National Guard training center in Riyadh. He was charged with "conspiracy to attack defense utilities of the United States," with being the head of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, and with being a major fiscal backer of Islamic terrorists worldwide. Bin Laden denied involvement but praised the attack.

On Nov 4, 1998, after the U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, bin Laden was indicted past a federal grand jury in the U.s. District Court for the Southern District of New York on charges of murdering U.S. nationals outside the U.S., conspiracy, and attacks on a federal facility resulting in expiry. The bear witness against bin Laden included court testimony by former al-Qaeda members and satellite phone records. Bin Laden first appeared on the Federal Agency of Investigation's Ten Almost Wanted Fugitives list on June 7, 1999, post-obit his indictment for capital letter crimes in the 1998 embassy attacks.

In 1999, U.S. President Nib Clinton convinced the Un to impose sanctions against Afghanistan in an unsuccessful try to strength the Taliban regime to extradite him.

September 11 attacks

The World Trade Center towers after being hit.

Aftermath of the World Trade Eye attacks

The Federal Bureau of Investigation has stated that bear witness linking al-Qaeda and bin Laden to the attacks of September 11, 2001, is clear and irrefutable, and bin Laden himself has claimed responsibility for the attacks. The attacks involved the hijacking of United Airlines Flight 93, United Airlines Flight 175, American Airlines Flight xi, and American Airlines Flight 77; the subsequent destruction of those planes and the twin towers of the World Merchandise Middle in New York City, New York; severe damage to The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia; and the deaths of at least 2,974 people, excluding the nineteen hijackers. In response to the attacks, the U.s.a. demanded that the Taliban withdraw its protection of bin Laden and his terrorist training camps in Transitional islamic state of afghanistan and launched a State of war on Terrorism to depose the Taliban regime in Transitional islamic state of afghanistan when the authorities refused to cooperate in the capture of bin Laden and other al-Qaeda operatives.

Did y'all know?

Osama bin Laden initially denied interest in the infamous September 11, 2001 attacks on the U.s.a.

However, bin Laden initially denied involvement in the September xi, 2001 attacks. On September 16, 2001, he read a statement subsequently broadcast by Qatar's Al Jazeera satellite channel denying responsibility for the attack. And so, in a videotape recovered by U.Due south. forces in November 2001, in Jalalabad, bin Laden was seen discussing the attack with Khaled al-Harbi in a way indicating foreknowledge. The record was broadcast on various news networks on December 13, 2001. In a 2004 video, bin Laden abased his denials without retracting by statements, boasting that he had personally directed the 19 hijackers.^[9] In the video, bin Laden claimed he was inspired to assault the World Trade Center later on watching the destruction of towers in Lebanon by Israel during the 1982 Lebanon War. In two other tapes aired by Al Jazeera in 2006, Osama bin Laden also claimed credit for the attacks.

Fugitive

U.Southward. leaflet used in Afghanistan.

Immediately after the 9/eleven attacks, US regime officials named bin Laden and the al-Qaeda organization as the prime number suspects and offered a advantage of $25 1000000 for information leading to his capture or death. U.South. armed forces officials believe that bin Laden was present during the Boxing of Tora Bora, Afghanistan in late 2001, but was able to escape.

Bin Laden and the al-Qaeda leadership were believed to exist based in the Waziristan region of Pakistan in 2005. In 2007, Al Qaeda issued a video of bin Laden in which his beard was noticeably shorter than in previous videos. In January 2009, an audio record purportedly from bin Laden announced that he would test the administration of President Barack Obama and hinted at another terrorist attack confronting the U.South.

Death

In April 2011, various intelligence outlets were able to pinpoint bin Laden's suspected location virtually Abbottabad, Pakistan in a three-story mansion.

Bin Laden was killed in his Abbottabad mansion in Pakistan on May ii, 2011, soon after 1 a.m. local time^[10] by a Usa special forces military unit. The operation, lawmaking-named Operation Neptune Spear, was ordered by U.s.a. President Barack Obama and carried out in a U.S. Central Intelligence Bureau (CIA) functioning by a team of United States Navy SEALs with support from CIA operatives on the ground.^{[11] [12]} In the late evening of May i, 2011, (EDT), President Obama appeared on major boob tube networks and announced that bin Laden had been killed. After the raid, U.S. forces took bin Laden's torso to Afghanistan for identification, and so buried it at sea within 24 hours of his death.^[13]

Notes

1. ↑ Bin Laden (2005), 70.
2. ↑ Ibid., 190.
3. ↑ Ibid., 167.
4. ↑ Wright (2006), 303.
5. ↑ Bergen (2001), 74–88.
6. ↑ PBS, Who Is Osama Bin Laden? Retrieved Dec 22, 2008.
7. ↑ Testimony of Jamal al-Fadl, United states of america five. Usama bin Laden, et. al.
8. ↑ Dale Van Attam, 66.
9. ↑ MSNBC, Al-Jazeera: Bin Laden tape obtained in Pakistan, MSNBC, October 30, 2004. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
10. ↑ Helene Cooper, Obama Announces Killing of Osama bin Laden The New York Times, May 1, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
11. ↑ Philip Sherwell. "Osama bin Laden killed: Behind the scenes of the deadly raid", The Daily Telegraph, May seven, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
12. ↑ Dilanian, Ken, "CIA led U.South. special forces mission confronting Osama bin Laden", Los Angeles Times, May 2, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
13. ↑ BBC, Osama Bin Laden, al-Qaeda leader, dead - Barack Obama News US & Canada, May ii, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2011.

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Bergen, Peter 50. Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret Globe of Osama Bin Laden. New York, NY: Free Press, 2001. ISBN 9780743205023.
• Bergen, Peter L. The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al-Qaeda'southward Leader. New York, NY: Gratis Press, 2006. ISBN 9780743278911.
• Bin Laden, Osama, and Bruce B. Lawrence. Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden. London: Verso, 2005. ISBN 9781844670451.
• Scheuer, Michael. Through Our Enemies' Eyes. Washington, DC: Potomac Books Inc, 2007. ISBN 9781597971621.
• Van Attam, Dale. "Carbombs & Cameras- The Demand for Responsible Media Coverage of Terrorism." In Harvard International Review. Cambridge, MA: Harvard International Relations Council, 1998. ISBN 9780895264855.
• Wright, Lawrence, The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda And The Road To ix/xi. New York, NY: Knopf, 2006. ISBN 9780375414862.

External links

All links retrieved January 5, 2019.

• Hunting Bin Laden - PBS Frontline
• FBIS Report, Compilation of Usama Bin Laden Statements 1994-January 2004
• The Osama bin Laden File - The National Security Annal
• Full text: bin Laden's 'alphabetic character to America'

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